Insulin beta Chain Peptide (15 – 23) – Hormones

Insulin is a polypeptide composed of two peptide chains referred to as the alpha chain and β chain. These chains are linked by two disulphide bonds, and an additional disulphide is formed within the alpha chain. In most species, the alpha chain consists of 21 amino acids and the β chain of 30 amino acids. Insulin is normally secreted rapidly from the β-cells of the pancreatic islets in response to nutrients absorbed after a meal. In type 1 diabetes mellitus, there may be an absolute insulin deficiency as a consequence of autoimmune destruction of the β-cells. On the other hand, in type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin secretion is impaired and is inadequate to overcome peripheral insulin resistance.

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