14-3-3 zeta/delta (28-41) – Other Categories

14-3-3 proteins are highly conserved from yeast to plants and mammals where they are found in various organs and tissues. 14-3-3 proteins regulate numerous signalling pathways via direct binding to proteins carrying phosphorylated 14-3-3-binding motifs, several hundred binding partners have been identified for 14-3-3 proteins. Their functions include a role in viral infections and innate immunity, protein trafficking, cell-cycle control, apoptosis, autophagy and other cell signal transduction pathways, as well as the associated mechanisms. There are seven 14-3-3 subtypes (alpha/β,γ, ε,η, σ, τ [also called θ] and ζ/δ) in mammals. 14-3-3 ζ has been shown to interact with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) protein X (HBx), E6 oncoprotein, Caspase-2: a protease involved in apoptosis, and to be is involved in the subcellular localisation of the FOXO forkhead transcription factor. 14-3-3 ζ acts as a molecular block that covers the DNA-binding site of FOXO4, thus blocking its interaction with the target DNA. 14-3-3 ζ also participates in the TLR3-TICAM-1 signalling pathway by promoting multimerization of TICAM-1 to form a signalosome. 14-3-3 ζ isoform may also be the target of SARS-CoV-2 in the nervous system.